Soilless crops are commonly used in rooftop agriculture because they easily adapt to building constraints. However, acceptance of the produce derived from this system may be controversial. This paper evaluates consumers’ acceptance of food from RA in Mediterranean cities, focusing on the quality of the product, production system, and consumers’ motivations. We surveyed 238 respondents on the UAB university campus as potential consumers. The survey was distributed via an Internet-link that was provided along with a sample of tomatoes from RA. (...) The results showed that most people approved the quality of RA products and perceived them to be local and fresh. The respondents exhibited acceptance of soilless-produced tomatoes and considered them to be environmentally better than conventionally produced ones. Cluster analysis revealed that consumers with high income levels and a university education had a better perception of the quality and proposed a higher price for RA products, but no difference was found regarding their environmental perception of this products. Moreover, people who possessed more information about the product also had a higher perception of the quality and production system and would pay more for them. The main concerns of consumers were related to food safety and the social impact of RA. Additional research is needed to improve the sustainability of RA, and the applied measures should be communicated to potential consumers to enhance their acceptance and success. (shrink)

La complejidad de la ciudad contemporánea apunta hacia el espacio público como lugar en el que percibir experiencias tanto estéticas como sociales. Por un lado, la estética urbana utiliza herramientas como el paisaje urbano y el arte público para estimular la percepción de lo bello en la ciudad. Por otra parte, el espacio urbano requiere de la actividad social para asentar su condición pública. Esta variable social, tanto en su vertiente perceptiva como participativa, presenta relaciones con el factor estético mediante (...) la interacción entre el medio físico y la sociedad que lo habita. La interpretación dual del espacio público como objeto estético y como fenómeno social contribuye a consolidar las nociones de lugar e identidad en la ciudad. (shrink)

Objetivo general: Analizar la evolución del estudio de las necesidades humanas desde los autores clásicos hasta los teóricos actuales. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de las necesidades humanas desde distintas perspectivas de las ciencias sociales. Resultados: En las grandes corrientes científicas que teorizan sobre las necesidades humanas, se observan distintas maneras de conceptualizarlas, aunque en su mayoría contemplan las necesidades como constructo social, que puede interpretarse vinculado al momento socio-histórico.

Our aim in this paper is to take quite seriously Heinz Post’s claim that the non-individuality and the indiscernibility of quantum objects should be introduced right at the start, and not made a posteriori by introducing symmetry conditions. Using a different mathematical framework, namely, quasi-set theory, we avoid working within a label-tensor-product-vector-space-formalism, to use Redhead and Teller’s words, and get a more intuitive way of dealing with the formalism of quantum mechanics, although the underlying logic should be modified. We build (...) a vector space with inner product, the Q-space, using the non-classical part of quasi-set theory, to deal with indistinguishable elements. Vectors in Q-space refer only to occupation numbers and permutation operators act as the identity operator on them, reflecting in the formalism the fact of unobservability of permutations. Thus, this paper can be regarded as a tentative to follow and enlarge Heinsenberg’s suggestion that new phenomena require the formation of a new “closed” (that is, axiomatic) theory, coping also with the physical theory’s underlying logic and mathematics. (shrink)

The concept of individuality in quantum mechanics shows radical differences from the concept of individuality in classical physics, as E. Schrödinger pointed out in the early steps of the theory. Regarding this fact, some authors suggested that quantum mechanics does not possess its own language, and therefore, quantum indistinguishability is not incorporated in the theory from the beginning. Nevertheless, it is possible to represent the idea of quantum indistinguishability with a first-order language using quasiset theory (Q). In this work, we (...) show that Q cannot capture one of the most important features of quantum non-individuality, which is the fact that there are quantum systems for which particle number is not well defined. An axiomatic variant of Q, in which quasicardinal is not a primitive concept (for a kind of quasisets called finite quasisets), is also given. This result encourages the searching of theories in which the quasicardinal, being a secondary concept, stands undefined for some quasisets, besides showing explicitly that in a set theory about collections of truly indistinguishable entities, the quasicardinal needs not necessarily be a primitive concept. (shrink)

In this article, we expand the analytical and theoretical foundations of the study of knowledge commons in the context of more classical agrarian commons, such as seed commons. We show that it is possible to overcome a number of criticisms of earlier work by Ostrom on natural commons and its excludability/rivalry matrix in addressing the inclusive social practices of “commoning”, defined as a way of living and acting for the preservation of the commons. Our empirical analysis emphasizes, using the most (...) recent advances in the IAD/ses framework, the distributed and collaborative knowledge governance in a French peasant seed network as a key driver for reintroducing cultivated agrobiodiversity and on-farm seed conservation of ancient and landrace varieties. These inclusive peasant seed groups developed alternative peer-to-peer models of collaborative peasant-led community-based breeding and grassroots innovations in the search for more resilient population varieties. Our results highlight the various models of collective action within the network and discuss the organizational tradeoffs of opting out of peasant seed activities and recreating a shared collective knowledge base on the benefits of restoring cultivated agrobiodiversity. It helps us better understand how modern peasant seed groups function as epistemic communities which contributes to envisioning alternative agricultural systems. (shrink)

En raison du lien direct et conventionnel entre le signifiant et le référent qui caractérise la catégorie du nom propre, celle-ci est affranchie de contraintes linguistiques visibles permettant sa délimitation. L’hétérogénéité résultant de cette particularité augmente lorsqu’il est considéré que cette dernière n’est pas incompatible avec une opérativité sémantique sous-jacente du signifiant, tant que cette opérativité n’interfère pas dans la désignation du référent et que la fonction de la dénomination est l’identification de celui-ci au sein d’une classe. Dans l’objectif d’attribuer (...) une cohérence à l’organisation interne de cette catégorie, nous proposons d’appréhender la diversité de ses membres par le biais d’une approche graduelle et bipolaire dans laquelle l’opposition nom propre vs nom commun est centrale. Cette approche a été transposée à deux des caractéristiques qui ont une incidence sur la typicalité des noms propres : la forme et la fonction sémantico-référentielle sous-jacente du signifiant. La structuration des occurrences de la transcription de l’émission C dans l’Air par ce biais est l’occasion de présenter les particularités de cette approche graduelle et bipolaire, ainsi que ses écueils et avantages. (shrink)

An inquiry from Vico's formulation of the general idea of history leads to a reinterpretation of the way Marx deals with the general notion of "history", which is not understood as the linear continuity of different production systems, but as the genesis of some systems' conditions from others' integral elements. It is singled out that Althusser has been the first Marxist who fully understood this complexity and the first who undertook the composite character of Marx's historical time. The article closes (...) on some reflections on the singularity of the "Idea of Time" and its construction.Una indagación a partir de la idea general de historia formulada por Vico sirve de cauce para reinterpretar el modo como Marx trata la noción general de historia, entendiéndola no como continuidad de unos sistemas productivos por otros, sino como génesis de las condiciones de unos en los elementos integrantes de otros. Se señala que Althusser ha sido el primer marxista en comprender esa complejidad y en abordar el carácter compuesto del tiempo histórico en Marx. Se cierra con una pequeña reflexión en torno a la peculiaridad de la "idea de tiempo" y a su construcción. (shrink)

In beliefs we live, we move and we are [...] the beliefs constitute the base of our life, the land on which we live [...] All our conduct, including the intellectual life, depends on the system of our authentic beliefs. In them [...] lies latent, as implications of whatever specifically we do or we think [...] the man, at heart, is believing or, which is equal, the deepest stratum of our life, the spirit that maintains and carries all the others, (...) is formed by beliefs...We know that the human being is a social animal. This is a common fact. Moreover, the human being is defined as a rational being. It is clear and nobody can deny that human creations include logic, mathematics, philosophy, science, and jurisprudence. These are all products of rationality or abstract thought. Nevertheless, human sociability goes further that the sociability of an animal herd. Societies were founded, cohere, develop, degenerate and die based on their belief systems. Reason cannot prove the .. (shrink)

This article reports on ethnographic research into the practical and ethical consequences of the implementation and use of telecare devices for older people living at home in Spain and the United Kingdom. Telecare services are said to allow the maintenance of their users’ autonomy through connectedness, relieving the isolation from which many older people suffer amid rising demands for care. However, engaging with Science and Technology Studies literature on “user configuration” and implementation processes, we argue here that neither services nor (...) users preexist the installation of the service: they are better described as produced along with it. Moving beyond design and appropriation practices, our contribution stresses the importance of installations as specific moments where such emplacements take place. Using Etienne Souriau’s concept of instauration, we describe the ways in which, through installation work, telecare services “bring into existence” their very infrastructure of usership. Hence, both services and telecare users are effects of fulfilling the “felicity conditions” of an achieved installation. (shrink)

Various experimental procedures aimed at measuring individual risk aversion involve a list of pairs of alternative prospects. We first study the widely used method by Holt and Laury :1644–1655, 2002), for which we find that the removal of some items from the lists yields a systematic decrease in risk aversion and scrambles the ranking of individuals by risk aversion. This bias, that we call embedding bias, is quite distinct from other confounds that have been previously observed in the use of (...) the HL method. It may be related to empirical phenomena and theoretical developments where better prospects increase risk aversion. Nevertheless, we also find that the more recent elicitation method due to Abdellaoui et al., also based on lists but using only one and the same probability in the list, does not display any statistically significant bias when the corresponding items of the list are removed. Our results suggest that methods other than the popular HL one may be preferable for the measurement of risk aversion. (shrink)

Freezers with biospecimen deposits became biobanks and later were networked at the pan-European level in 2013 under the Biobanking and BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure—European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC). Drawing on document analysis about the BBMRI-ERIC and multi-sited fieldwork with biobankers in Spain from a science and technology studies approach, we explore what biobanks are expected to do and become under the BBMRI-ERIC framework, and how infrastructural transitions promote particular transformations in biobanking practices. The primary purpose of biobanks in Europe is (...) presented as being to become mediators in contemporary biomedical research (global sharing nodes) distribution, and distributed nodes of samples and their associated data. We argue that infrastructural transitions are complicated and heterogeneous, giving rise to unattended local concerns on adjusting their practices to fit into the BBMRI-ERIC framework, even for non-members, as the case of Spain illustrates, where “old practices” of collection and storage are questioned. In this article, we aim to encourage qualitative studies to explore the lags between pan-European policies and prospects, different contextual interpretations, and biobanking reconfigurations as an opportunity to explore what that lag is made of (e.g. tensions with “old practices,” unresolved conflicts with the national agendas, reservations on a possible centralization of the biobanking practices by regional biobanks, lack of funding, etc.). Such research could enrich not only policy guidance, but also the understanding of technoscientific infrastructures’ scalability. (shrink)

En este artículo se realiza un periplo a lo largo de la historia de la península coreana a través de los caminos recorridos por las principales tradiciones religiosas presentes en ella. Analizaremos el papel que han tenido en el modo de entender las relaciones sociales y la creación de mecanismos de inclusión y exclusión dentro de la sociedad coreana. Las interrelaciones establecidas entre ellas como factor que ha contribuido al progreso de la sociedad y que diferentes grupos fueran aceptados o (...) rechazados a lo largo de la historia. Estudiamos como el pensamiento de estas tradiciones religiosas y el modo de entenderlo ha impulsado u obstaculizado los procesos de inclusión y liberación a lo largo de las diferentes etapas de la historia de Corea. (shrink)

College cheating is prevalent, with rates ranging widely from 9 to 95% (Whitley, 1998). Research has been exclusively conducted with enrolled college students. This study examined the prevalence of cheating in a sample of college alumni, who risk less in disclosing academic dishonesty than current students. A total of 273 alumni reported on their prevalence and perceived severity of 19 cheating behaviors. The vast majority of participants (81.7%) report having engaged in some form of cheating during their undergraduate career. The (...) most common forms of cheating were “copying from another student's assignment” and “allowing others to copy from your assignment.” More students reported cheating in classes for their major than other classes. Males and females cheated at the same rates in classes for their major, and males reported higher rates of cheating than females in nonmajor classes. Respondents reported that their top reasons for cheating were “lack of time” and “to help a friend.”. (shrink)

College cheating is prevalent, with rates ranging widely from 9 to 95%. Research has been exclusively conducted with enrolled college students. This study examined the prevalence of cheating in a sample of college alumni, who risk less in disclosing academic dishonesty than current students. A total of 273 alumni reported on their prevalence and perceived severity of 19 cheating behaviors. The vast majority of participants report having engaged in some form of cheating during their undergraduate career. The most common forms (...) of cheating were “copying from another student's assignment” and “allowing others to copy from your assignment.” More students reported cheating in classes for their major than other classes. Males and females cheated at the same rates in classes for their major, and males reported higher rates of cheating than females in nonmajor classes. Respondents reported that their top reasons for cheating were “lack of time” and “to help a friend.”. (shrink)

In the scenario of growing polarization of promises and dangers that surround artificial intelligence (AI), how to introduce responsible AI and robotics in healthcare? In this paper, we develop an ethical–political approach to introduce democratic mechanisms to technological development, what we call “Caring in the In-Between”. Focusing on the multiple possibilities for action that emerge in the realm of uncertainty, we propose an ethical and responsible framework focused on care actions in between fears and hopes. Using the theoretical perspective of (...) Science and Technology Studies and empirical research, “Caring in the In-Between” is based on three movements: the first is a change of focus from the world of promises and dangers to the world of uncertainties; the second is a conceptual shift from assuming a relationship with robotics based on a Human–Robot Interaction to another focused on the network in which the robot is embedded (the “Robot Embedded in a Network”); and the last is an ethical shift from a general normative framework to a discussion on the context of use. Based on these suggestions, “Caring in the In-Between” implies institutional challenges, as well as new practices in healthcare systems. It is articulated around three simultaneous processes, each of them related to practical actions in the “in-between” dimensions considered: monitoring relations and caring processes, through public engagement and institutional changes; including concerns and priorities of stakeholders, with the organization of participatory processes and alternative forms of representation; and making fears and hopes commensurable, through the choice of progressive and reversible actions. (shrink)

In Ontology, quality determines beings. The quality-quantity bipolarity reveals that a conceptual logical comprehension that can include negation must be a dialectical logic. Quality is a precise characteristic of something capable of augmentation or diminution while remaining identical through differences or quantitative changes. Thus, quality and in opposition quantity are inextricably linked, giving definition to each other, so constituting a logical bipolarity. The theory is that a magnitude G is never separated from secondary qualities α and β, and therefore, a (...) measure depends on a concrete quality Gα or Gβ, that is to say on one pole of a logical bi-pole. However, the particular number, the unit, that expresses the result of a measure is the quality G alone. Examples drawn from physical and chemical experiments illustrate these ideas and elaborate the structure of the concept of opposition between the secondary qualities α and β of a magnitude G. (shrink)

En este artículo pretendo analizar ciertos elementos de la tematica correspondiente a la noción de parte temporal. En la primera parte estudio dicha noción y describo las tesis principales con las que los partidarios de la teoría de partes temporales se comprometen al respecto, En la segunda parte expongo algunas críticas contra la existencia de partes temporales presentadas por los partidarios de continuantes e intento mostrar que o bien estas críticas parten de ciertas confusiones que las hacen insatisfactorias o bien (...) son perfectamente salvables desde el marco tetradimensionalista. Me centro especialmente en las criticas de J.J. Thomson, P. Geach, D. Mellor y S. Haslanger, que hacen referencia a las cuestiones acerca deI supuesto carácter instantaneo de las partes temporales, su existencia ex nihilo, la analogía espacio-temporal y la causalidad humeana.In this paper some answers to certain arguments against temporal parts are presented. The first part explores the very notion of temporal part and tries to describe the main tenets that friends of temporal parts hold. The second one develops sonze criticisms that friends of continuants have expoused against those entities and argues that most of these criticisms mischaracterize the problems at issue. The discussion focuses on J.J. Thomson’s, P. Geach’s, D. Mellor’s and S. Haslanger’s arguments about the impossibility of procesualism to escape from some problematic commitents like instantaneous parts, ex nihilo existences, time-space analogies and humean causes. Nevertheless I will try to show that some of this consequences do not folIow and that some other are seen not to be as threatening as they might first have appeared. (shrink)

Je me propose ici d’esquisser une certaine position ontologique subjectiviste sui generis en esthétique et de la justifier contre ses opositeurs. Je vais soutenir que cette position est liée à une métaesthétique normativiste modérée, où les propriétés esthétiques, même si elles sont pas considerée comme indépendates de l’esprit face aux propriétés descriptives, ne sont pas relatives à chaque psychologie individuelle ou à une institution intersubjective déterminée. Contre le subjectivisme indi-vidualiste, cette position ne s’avère pas antinormativiste, en ce qu’elle n’accepte pas (...) ce que j’appelle ‘la thèse de l’égalité du jugement esthéti-que’, issue de l’argument de la divergence. D’un autre côté, contre le normativisme extrême de l’objectivisme, elle rejette l ‘existence de nor-mes esthétiques universelles, bien qu’elle reconnaisse l’existence de rela-tions de survenance entre des propriétés non-esthétiques et des proprié-tes esthétiques. Or, en partant d’une métaesthétique normativiste mini-maliste comme celle-ci, on peut soutenir que les jugements esthétiques , s’ils sont relatifs à un certain type de réaction psychologique, appartiennent cependant à ‘l’espace des raisons’sans devoir payer les conséquences d’affirmer, comme les partisans du normativisme extrême qu’il y a des normes esthétiques stricte-ment universelles. (shrink)

Le livre de Loredana Mancini est le deuxième volume de la collection “Antropologia del Mondo Antico. Collana del Centro di Antropologia del Mondo Antico dell’Università di Siena”, dirigée par Maurizio Bettini. L’auteur est chercheuse spécialisée en iconographie de l’art ancien et en histoire de l’archéologie, ce qui explique l’inclusion à la fin du livre d’un catalogue de 152 monuments qui offrent des images, fragmentaires ou entières, de sirènes antiques et médiévales, accompagnées ou non de...

Association où prédomine l’Apollinisme, le Pythagorisme se marginalise en pays grec par le refus (sélectif) du sacrifice sanglant et de la consommation de la viande, par une règle de vie très impérative et par des révélations religieuses et intellectuelles qui relèvent d’une initiation. Considérant que la philosophie - « l’effort vers la sagesse » - est une ascèse qui permet de purifier les âmes et corrélativement les corps, il accorde à l’acquisition des savoirs scientifiques - les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la musique, (...) la médecine - une place essentielle dans la relation qu’il établit avec le divin. Parce qu’il s’est voulu dès l’origine association ouverte aux deux sexes, le Pythagorisme a permis à quelques femmes d’accéder aux savoirs scientifiques, à la parole et à l’écriture. Immergées dans un monde qui considérait que l’accès à la philosophie représentait pour les femmes une trangression des limites propres à leur sexe et donc des risques de débordement sexuel et de perversion, les Pythagoriciennes ont tenu à démontrer dans leurs écrits que les femmes savantes étaient, plus que les autres, de bonnes épouses, de bonnes mères et de bonnes maîtresses de maison. C’est à ces propos, récupérés par la morale chrétienne et amputés bien sûr du contexte qui leur donnait sens, qu’elles doivent de figurer dans les Traités sur les femmes illustres. (shrink)

Association où prédomine l’Apollinisme, le Pythagorisme se marginalise en pays grec par le refus (sélectif) du sacrifice sanglant et de la consommation de la viande, par une règle de vie très impérative et par des révélations religieuses et intellectuelles qui relèvent d’une initiation. Considérant que la philosophie - « l’effort vers la sagesse » - est une ascèse qui permet de purifier les âmes et corrélativement les corps, il accorde à l’acquisition des savoirs scientifiques - les mathématiques, l’astronomie, la musique, (...) la médecine - une place essentielle dans la relation qu’il établit avec le divin. Parce qu’il s’est voulu dès l’origine association ouverte aux deux sexes, le Pythagorisme a permis à quelques femmes d’accéder aux savoirs scientifiques, à la parole et à l’écriture. Immergées dans un monde qui considérait que l’accès à la philosophie représentait pour les femmes une trangression des limites propres à leur sexe et donc des risques de débordement sexuel et de perversion, les Pythagoriciennes ont tenu à démontrer dans leurs écrits que les femmes savantes étaient, plus que les autres, de bonnes épouses, de bonnes mères et de bonnes maîtresses de maison. C’est à ces propos, récupérés par la morale chrétienne et amputés bien sûr du contexte qui leur donnait sens, qu’elles doivent de figurer dans les Traités sur les femmes illustres. (shrink)

The Cerdanya valley in the eastern Pyrenees has a physical unity into which a political frontier has been imposed to divide it. The social and cultural repercussions of this Franco-Spanish border have created obstacles to marriage which are not due to topography. Choice of month of marriage is under cultural control and the study of seasonality in marriages recorded in the registers of all the Cerdan parishes on both sides of the border demonstrated differences over time and between French and (...) Spanish sectors. It is suggested that these changes demonstrate the process of distancing of the two populations. Cluster and correspondence analysis showed progressive differentiation of the seasonality patterns of the French and Spanish Cerdans despite the geographic unity of the valley. Sociocultural factors are presumed responsible. (shrink)

In this paper we enrich the orthomodular structure by adding a modal operator, following a physical motivation. A logical system is developed, obtaining algebraic completeness and completeness with respect to a Kripkestyle semantic founded on Baer*-semigroups as in [22].